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Appellate Brief Preparation Checklist

A Preservation Register that traces every candidate issue to four places in the record, plus the standard of review note and word budget it produces.

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Havenbrook Mills v. Sarrenden Logistics  ·  Preservation Register

Every candidate issue, and the four places the record has to put it

Rows from a fictional carriage-contract appeal. Havenbrook lost a nine-day jury verdict and appellate counsel did not try the case.

#IssueWhere raisedGround stated thenGround argued nowStateReview
3Construction of the indemnity clauseDE 71, III 1,006Does not reach their own negligenceSameOn the ground now arguedNo deference
7Sufficiency on consequential damagesIII 1,004, DE 188No foreseeability at contractingSameOn the ground now arguedNo deference
11Admission of the reconstructed load recordsDE 133No foundation, made for litigationSameDefinitive pretrial rulingAbuse of discretion
4Sarrenden’s damages expert methodologyIV 1,203Witness is not qualifiedMethod is unreliableOn a different groundPlain error at best
2Admission of the delivery logsII 288FoundationHearsayOn a different groundPlain error at best
1Closing-argument references to insuranceNowhereNone statedCollateral sourceNever raised belowPlain error at best

Rows 4 and 2 are the reason this column has four values

Counsel objected in both, on the record, and the court ruled. A preserved or not preserved column books both as preserved. The ground stated at the time is not the ground the brief is about to argue, which is a fact about two lines of transcript and nothing about how strong either argument is.

StateIssuesWhat it decides
Preserved on the ground now argued5Keeps whatever standard the kind of question attracts
Preserved, on a different ground3Plain error at best, and every checklist calls it preserved
Preserved by a definitive pretrial ruling2Nothing had to be renewed at trial
Never raised below4Plain error at best, and all four came from the client
Every candidate14The four states add to the candidate count, which is the sheet’s only test

Seven keep an ordinary standard of review. Seven are on plain error at best, and three of those seven had an objection on the record.

Appellate counsel who did not try the case arrives holding a transcript and a client's list of grievances, and the two overlap less than anyone expects. So preservation here is a four-state column rather than a checkbox. A party claiming error in admitted evidence had to state the specific ground, and a party objecting to a jury instruction had to state the grounds distinctly. An objection on some other basis reads as preserved on every checklist and carries nothing.

Havenbrook Mills v. Sarrenden Logistics is the appeal worked through here. Nine trial days leave 1,847 transcript pages and fourteen candidate issues. Five were preserved on the ground now argued, three on a different ground, two by a definitive pretrial ruling, and four never raised at all. Of the six issues the client raised, one survives to the brief. Of the three found only by reading the record, two do, and one of those is the largest section in it.

A principal brief is acceptable at no more than 13,000 words, so the register is also what divides them. Fixed sections take 4,200 and the remaining 8,800 go by standard of review, which puts 800 on the closing-argument issue that comes up on every client call. The same discipline runs through the motion in limine pack before trial, the case fact and evidence register underneath both, and filing compliance once the brief is written.

One appeal, run through every sheet in the pack

The Preservation Register, the Word Budget, the Record Citation Index and the Standard of Review Note.

Preservation Register  ·  by where the issue came from

Three sources, and the record disagrees with two of them

SourceOn the ground arguedOn a different groundDefinitive rulingNever raisedTotalBriefed
What the client remembers110461
Trial counsel’s post-trial memo122052
Found only by reading the record300032
Every candidate5324145

Of the six issues the client raised, one is briefed. Of the three nobody mentioned, two are, including the largest section in the brief. That row is the argument for reading all 1,847 pages rather than working from the list that arrived by email.

Nine candidates are dropped, in three groups of three: three preserved on a different ground, three never raised below, three preserved and not worth the words.

Word Budget  ·  13,000 words, allocated from the register

The standard of review decides what an issue is worth

SectionPreservationStandardWordsShare
Fixed sections: jurisdiction, issues, statement, summary, conclusion4,200
I. Construction of the indemnity clauseOn the ground arguedNo deference2,55029.0%
II. Sufficiency on consequential damagesOn the ground arguedNo deference2,10023.9%
III. Admission of the reconstructed load recordsDefinitive rulingAbuse of discretion1,75019.9%
IV. Refusal of the mitigation instructionOn the ground arguedMixed1,60018.2%
V. Closing-argument references to insuranceNever raisedPlain error8009.1%
Argument budget8,800100%

Section V is the issue the client raises on every call. It gets 9.1 percent of the argument because that is what the record supports, and the number was set before anybody started drafting rather than negotiated afterwards.

The nine that are not in the brief, and why each one is not

GroupRowsWhose decision it was
Preserved, on a ground this appeal is not arguing2, 4, 10The record’s. Every one reads as preserved on a checklist
Never raised below, and not an instruction issue8, 13, 14The record’s. All three came from the client’s list
Preserved, briefable, not worth the words6, 9, 12Ours, and the only group where it was

The third group is the one somebody asks about later. Each row carries the record cite that makes the answer checkable rather than remembered.

Record Citation Index  ·  192 cites, checked against the page

Three failures, three different fixes

What the check foundCountFix
Resolves, and the page is designated175Add the appendix page once it is set
Points at a page nobody designated11A designation, not a rewrite
Cites an exhibit marked for identification only4Rewrite the sentence; it has no support
Names a page the volume does not contain2A transposed volume number, both times

The three-point rule, which is where the blanks are

Evidence whose admissibility is in controversy has to be cited at the pages where it was identified, offered, and received or rejected. Three record points per exhibit, and a draft written from the ruling page carries one.

Contested evidenceCount
Exhibits admitted over objection9
Exhibits offered and excluded3
Record points the rule requires36
Record points the draft has14
Blanks to fill from the transcript22

Standard of Review Note  ·  written before the argument sections

Two sentences an issue, and the second one is where deference runs out

I. Construction of the indemnity clause

The meaning of an unambiguous written agreement is a question of law, resolved on summary judgment on a record the panel has in front of it. Deference runs out nowhere on the construction question.

II. Sufficiency of the evidence on consequential damages

Reviewed without deference on whether the evidence permits the verdict, with every inference taken for Sarrenden. Deference runs out at the line between weighing evidence and finding none, so the brief argues there is no evidence of foreseeability rather than that the evidence was thin.

III. Admission of the reconstructed load records

Abuse of discretion, and the error has to affect a substantial right. Two showings, not one. Deference runs out where the ruling rests on a legal error about what the rule permits rather than on a judgment call about this record.

IV. Refusal of the mitigation instruction

Two standards, and the note keeps them apart. Whether the instruction stated the law is a legal question; whether refusing it was harmful, read against the whole charge, is not. Deference runs out on the legal question only, which is why this issue costs more than its prospects alone would justify.

V. Closing-argument references to insurance

Plain error, which is a ceiling and not a starting point. No objection, no motion to strike, no request for a curative instruction. Practically, deference does not run out.

Seven of fourteen candidates kept an ordinary standard. Four are briefed, and the three that are not sit in the word budget with the reason next to them.

What's in the pack

01

Preservation Register

One row per candidate issue, four record coordinates, and one of four states instead of a column that says yes or no.

02

Record Citation Index

Every record cite checked against the page it names, with the three failure kinds counted apart because each has a different fix.

03

Word Budget

The limit less the fixed sections, divided by standard of review, and the dropped issues written down with the row that explains each one.

04

Standard of Review Note

Two sentences an issue: what the panel is asked to conclude, and the point at which the deference runs out.

05

Issue Statements

One per briefed issue, under fifty words, each checked back against the register row that says what the record actually preserved.

06

Statement of the Case

A cite on every factual sentence, the unfavourable facts included, and each ruling presented for review named and paged.

07

What the Record Has to Show

The volume table, the docket entries that matter, and the two passages worth reading out of order before anything else.

How to use it

  1. 1

    Open in River, or take it blank

    Hand River the transcript volumes, the docket, the order appealed from and the client's list, or take the Word documents and CSV sheets from the template library.

  2. 2

    Map the record, then read two passages

    Volume table first, so the reading is finite. Then the charge conference and the Rule 50 motions in full and out of order, because that is where preservation concentrates.

  3. 3

    Give every issue four record cites

    Where it was raised, the ground actually stated, where the court ruled, and where the harm shows. A state without a cite is an opinion, so the row moves to never raised.

  4. 4

    Let the register set the word budget

    Preservation decides the standard of review, the standard decides what an issue is worth, and the dropped issues get written down with the reason beside them.

Frequently asked questions

Is this free?

The download is free and needs no account. Edit with AI creates a free River account and installs the same pack as a private space with the agent primed to work through your record. Both buttons point at the same pack, and the free download is the complete one.

What format are the downloaded files?

Documents come as .docx and sheets as .csv, so they open in Word, Pages, Google Docs, Excel, Numbers and Sheets with no conversion. Add ?format=pdf to the download link for read-only PDFs. Sheets stay .csv either way, because a spreadsheet flattened to PDF stops being a spreadsheet.

What does Edit with AI actually do?

It reads the transcript volumes, the docket and the orders you upload, builds the volume map, and fills the Preservation Register row by row with a volume and page on every state. It quotes the ground counsel stated rather than summarising it, because a summary drifts toward the argument.

Why four preservation states instead of preserved and not preserved?

Because the third one is where appeals lose issues everybody thought they had. Counsel objected and the court ruled, so a binary column says preserved, and the ground stated at the time is not the ground the brief argues. Three of fourteen candidates sat there in the worked appeal.

Does it tell me my chances on appeal?

No, and that is deliberate. No number here is a probability of reversal. The Standard of Review Note says in words what a standard does to an issue, and the word budget records what each one was worth. Both are more useful than a percentage nobody can support.

Does the word budget account for my circuit's own rules?

It starts from the federal limit and tells you to check the local one, because circuits set their own and appendix requirements differ most. The Seventh Circuit's practitioner handbook, for one, requires a short appendix bound with the brief plus a certificate that it is complete.

Can I use this alongside the trial-stage packs?

Yes, and the evidentiary rows line up. A definitive in limine ruling logged in the motion and brief drafting pack becomes a preserved row here without anybody renewing anything, which is exactly why that tracker sorts on definitive rather than granted.

Find out what your record preserved

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