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Restricted Fund Tracking Spreadsheet

Two documents and three sheets that cite the source document behind every restriction, so a board vote never gets counted as a donor's own.

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Restricted fund spreadsheets tend to grow the same way: a line gets added because the money feels earmarked, and it survives for years without anyone checking it against an actual gift letter or grant agreement. Board-designated funds classified as donor-restricted rank among the most common nonprofit audit findings, and the fix is not better bookkeeping. It is a rule that removes the judgment call: no citation to a real donor instrument, no restriction, no matter how long the label has stood.

The pack's answer is the Restricted Fund Register, and its rule is narrow on purpose: every line quotes the specific clause of the gift letter, pledge or grant instrument that creates it. A board vote to set money aside is real, but it is not a donor restriction, because the board that created it can also reverse it. What survives that test then runs a second one, FASB's own test for a donor-imposed condition: a measurable barrier plus a right of return, meaning the money is not revenue yet in either category.

Cedar Line Community Health's prior spreadsheet called four balances restricted, $445,000 total. Checked against source documents, only two survive: a $120,000 purpose-restricted grant and a $100,000 time-restricted pledge, $220,000 combined, half the original figure. A $75,000 facilities reserve had only a board vote behind it and moves to board-designated funds instead. A $150,000 grant carries both a 40-enrollment barrier and a right of return, so it is not a contribution yet. It is a liability until enrollment, now 27 of 40, clears the bar, a distinction a funder's own indicator report never has to make.

Four balances called restricted. Two of them are.

The source-document test, the monthly release trail, and the log behind every reclassification.

Restricted Fund Register

Illustrative, for a fictional organisation called Cedar Line Community Health. Four balances the prior spreadsheet called restricted, checked against the actual gift and grant instruments.

FundSource documentBarrier + right of return?Classification
Facilities reserveBoard vote only, no donor instrumentN/ANot a restriction
Youth Literacy Tutoring grantAgreement Sec. 3.2, purpose onlyNoRestricted, purpose
Multi-year pledge, FY2027Signed pledge letter, time onlyNoRestricted, time
Digital Literacy Program grantAgreement Sec. 4.1, 40-enrollment barrierYes, plus right of returnConditional, not revenue yet
Old spreadsheet total$445,000
True restricted net assets$220,000

Half the old total survives the citation test. The facilities reserve moves to board-designated funds, still tracked, now correctly shown as something the board itself can reverse. The Digital Literacy grant fails a different test: its barrier and right of return mean it is not a contribution at all yet, so it is not restricted and it is not unrestricted revenue either. It is a liability until 40 participants enroll.

Monthly Balance by Fund

The Youth Literacy Tutoring grant, releasing against actual tutoring costs rather than on a schedule set in advance.

MonthOpeningReleasedClosing
1$120,000$8,000$112,000
2$112,000$8,000$104,000
3$104,000$8,000$96,000
4$96,000$8,000$88,000
5$88,000$8,000$80,000
6$80,000$8,000$72,000
Multi-year pledge$100,000$0$100,000, releases 2026-07-01
Digital Literacy grantliability, not a fund balance$0 recognized27 of 40 enrolled

Six months in, $48,000 of the $120,000 purpose restriction has released against tutor stipends and workbook invoices, each one on file. The pledge has not moved because its time restriction has not lapsed yet. The conditional grant does not appear as a fund balance at all, by design, because it has not yet become a contribution.

Release Log

Every release names the specific satisfying condition, not a bare transfer between two account columns.

DateFundReleasedSatisfying condition
2026-01-31Youth Literacy Tutoring$8,000January stipends and workbooks, invoice #4471
2026-02-28Youth Literacy Tutoring$8,000February stipends and workbooks, invoice #4498
2026-03-31Youth Literacy Tutoring$8,000March stipends and workbooks, invoice #4522
2026-04-30 to 06-30Youth Literacy Tutoring$24,000April-June stipends and workbooks, three invoices
Not yet reachedMulti-year pledge$0 of $100,000Time restriction lapses 2026-07-01
Not applicableDigital Literacy grant$0 of $150,000Conditional: recognized in full only at 40 enrolled, not released ratably

Six releases, six invoices, no entry that says only \"spent.\" The pledge and the conditional grant both show $0 released for different reasons: one because its condition (a date) has not arrived, the other because it is not a restriction to release at all until a 40-participant barrier is overcome.

What is in the pack

01

Restricted Fund Register

One row per balance, each citing the specific clause of the gift letter or grant agreement that creates it, or flagged for reclassification when no such clause exists.

02

Monthly Balance by Fund

A running balance per restricted fund, releasing against actual qualifying spend rather than on a schedule decided in advance.

03

Release Log

Every release tied to its specific satisfying condition and the invoice, timesheet or date that proves it, not a bare transfer entry.

04

Fund Accounting Procedure

The citation rule and the condition test, worked through on Cedar Line Community Health's own four balances so the method is never abstract.

05

Release Documentation Note

What separates a purpose release, a time release, and a conditional grant's barrier being overcome, since the three are easy to conflate and behave differently.

How it works

  1. 1

    Send the instruments

    Every gift letter, pledge agreement and grant instrument behind your current restricted balances, plus the general ledger's own figures for each.

  2. 2

    Cite or reclassify

    Each balance gets its clause quoted, or gets flagged for reclassification to board-designated or undesignated funds when no real donor instrument exists.

  3. 3

    Run the condition test

    Whatever survives the citation gets checked for a measurable barrier plus a right of return, which would make it a liability rather than a restriction.

  4. 4

    Track releases as they happen

    Each release logged against its satisfying condition, so the balance by fund always matches what has actually been earned and spent.

Frequently asked questions

What actually counts as a source document?

A donor's signed letter, an executed grant agreement, or a pledge form the donor signed. A board minute voting to set money aside does not count, because the board that created that vote can also reverse it, which is exactly why it is not a donor restriction.

What is the difference between a restriction and a condition?

A restriction limits how unconditionally-owned money can be used. A condition, defined by FASB as a measurable barrier plus a right of return or release, means the organization does not own the money as revenue yet at all. It sits as a liability until the barrier is met.

Is misclassifying these actually a common audit finding?

Yes. Board-designated funds booked as donor-restricted, and conditional grants recognized before their barrier is met, both rank among the most frequently cited nonprofit audit findings, which is why the register tests for both rather than assuming either is rare.

Does this replace my audited financial statements?

No. Your financial statements report restricted and unrestricted net assets at the summary level. This register is the supporting detail behind that summary, built so the two numbers on your statements trace back to a specific document rather than an inherited spreadsheet label.

What if a gift letter is genuinely ambiguous?

Quote the ambiguous language and go back to the donor for clarification rather than guessing in either direction. A restriction assumed into existence is exactly the error this register exists to remove, even when the assumption runs the safer-seeming direction.

How does this relate to a single audit's schedule?

They test different things. The SEFA measures federal award activity to determine audit scope. This register measures whether a fund balance is legally restricted at all, which matters to any funder or board member, federal award or not.

Find out which of your restricted funds actually are

Send the gift letters and grant agreements behind your current balances. The first thing back is a citation for each one, or a flag for reclassification.

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