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Medical Practice Financial Policy Template

Five documents and three sheets, built around the one number in patient billing that somebody else measures you against.

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Good Faith Estimate Format

Good faith estimate of expected charges

Estimate number, issue date and preparer go on every copy, because the timing obligation is measured from one of them.

What we are estimating

Service as plannedScheduled dateRendering provider
   

Expected charges

LineItem or serviceCodeExpected charge
1   
2   
  Estimate total 

Foreseeable additions to this service

The things that get added to this specific service once it is under way, priced separately and shown to the patient in advance. A polyp removed during a diagnostic colonoscopy. Each lesion beyond the first. Pathology billed by an outside lab.

If this happensCodeAdditional charge
   

Others who will bill you separately

Anaesthesia, pathology, the imaging read, the facility. Anyone not named here is outside this estimate.

If your bill comes in higher

Call and ask which line moved. Where total billed charges are $400 or more above the estimate total above, the federal patient-provider dispute resolution process is also open to you, for 120 calendar days from the bill.

This estimate is not a contract and does not require you to obtain these services from this practice.

A financial policy template is usually one side of paper saying payment is due at the time of service, signed at patient intake and never read again. The number that carries consequence sits elsewhere. Billed charges landing at least $400 above a self-pay patient's written estimate are substantially in excess of it. That phrase is a defined term, and it is the eligibility test for the federal patient-provider dispute resolution process.

Estimate to Bill Variance is the sheet that does the work. One row per self-pay episode carrying the estimate total, the billed total, the variance, and the headroom left before $400. Headroom is the column nobody has, and it is the one that matters, because a report sorted by dollars puts a $386 variance next to a $425 variance as though they were the same situation. One of them is fine. The other is already eligible, and the patient has 120 days from the bill.

In the worked example, five priced episodes at Marion Street Family Medicine estimate $4,240 and bill $5,881. Two are over the line at $425 and $455. Two sit under with $25 and $14 of headroom, and all four moved for one reason: the service grew after the estimate went out. Then the balance gets aged on whether an estimate was issued at all, the way the denial register ages by reason code. Estimate issued, 12.7% past 120 days. No estimate, 49.6%.

Two episodes over the line, and two sitting $39 from it

Estimate to Bill Variance, Balance Aging by Category, and the hardship scale that decides the discount.

Estimate to Bill Variance

Illustrative rows for a fictional practice, Marion Street Family Medicine. One month of priced self-pay episodes, sorted by headroom rather than by dollars.

EpisodeService as estimatedEstimateBilledVarianceHeadroomCause
SP-3355Destruction of 2 warts290745455overFive lesions treated
SP-3312Diagnostic colonoscopy2,4802,905425overPolypectomy added
SP-3341New patient visit52090638614Two lab panels in the room
SP-3318Excision skin lesion61098537525Outside pathology on our statement
SP-3327Obstetric ultrasound3403400400None
MonthFive priced episodes4,2405,8811,6412 over880 over, 761 under

Sorted by dollars, SP-3312 leads and SP-3355 is the fourth row down. Sorted by headroom, the two eligible episodes come first and the two at $14 and $25 come next, which is the queue somebody can actually work. All four moved because the service grew after the estimate went out, so the fix is one line in the foreseeable-additions table rather than four conversations. SP-3327 is the control: estimated at $340, billed at $340, because nothing was added.

Balance Aging by Category

The same practice's self-pay balance, aged on whether an estimate was ever issued for the episode rather than on payer or dollar size.

CategoryAcctsCurrent31-6061-9091-120120+TotalPast 120
Self-pay after insurance748,4205,1103,2802,1406,95025,90026.8%
Self-pay, estimate issued314,2601,8809406101,1208,81012.7%
Self-pay, no estimate issued581,3102,4702,9803,1209,74019,62049.6%
Hardship plan, on schedule122,0507800002,8300.0%
Hardship plan, missed904106908801,5603,54044.1%
Total18416,04010,6507,8906,75019,37060,70031.9%

Two categories, one statement sequence, the same staff, and a four-times difference in how the balance ages. The estimate-issued category runs at 12.7% past 120 days. The no-estimate category runs at 49.6% and holds $9,740 of the practice's $19,370 in aged dollars, which is half of it. The reason is on the first statement rather than in the follow-up: an episode with an estimate can show the estimate number, the estimate total, the billed total and the line that moved, so the patient reconciles it in four seconds instead of filing it. The hardship rows are the check on the record, not on the patients. A plan on schedule freezes the clock at receipt, so anything past 120 days in that row means a freeze was never written down.

Hardship Procedure

Discounts keyed to household income as a percentage of the published federal poverty guideline for that household size, so the same facts get the same answer.

Income as % of guidelineDiscountMinimum monthly payment
At or below 150%100%none
151% to 200%75%25
201% to 250%50%40
251% to 300%25%60
Above 300%0%, plan onlybalance / 12

Three decided applications

ApplicationHouseholdIncomeGuideline% of guidelineTier
H-2201361,00027,320223%50% discount
H-2204446,20033,000140%100% discount
H-2209124,50015,960154%75% discount

H-2204 is the row that matters. A household of four on $46,200 reads to anyone eyeballing it as able to pay, and the arithmetic puts it at 140% of the guideline, in the top tier. Eyeballing gets this wrong in the direction that costs the practice a patient and then writes the balance off anyway eighteen months later. Every decision records the guideline figure used, the household size used and the computed percentage, so it can be re-derived by whoever gets the phone call. A tier with a blank percentage column is a favour rather than a decision.

What's in the pack

01

Estimate to Bill Variance

One row per self-pay episode with the estimate total, the billed total, the variance, the headroom left before $400, and the specific line that moved.

02

How the Four Hundred Dollar Line Works

The method before the numbers: where the tolerance comes from, why headroom beats variance as a sort key, and what the estimate format has to carry as a result.

03

Good Faith Estimate Format

One page with a foreseeable-additions table, the providers who bill separately, and a re-estimate trigger for when the plan changes before the service.

04

Balance Aging by Category

Five categories, split on whether an estimate was issued, with the share past 120 days per category and the cross-category figure that makes the comparison land.

05

Financial Policy

One side of paper a patient reads once. What is owed and when, how the estimate works, what happens if the bill is higher, and what happens on day 91.

06

Hardship Procedure

Five discount tiers keyed to the HHS poverty guideline for the household size, with the shortest evidence list that supports the arithmetic.

07

Statement Sequence

Five touches over 90 days, with the first statement carrying the estimate reconciliation on its face, and both freezes written on the row rather than remembered.

08

Collection Outcome Tracking

One row per closed hardship application, payment plan and statement sequence, with the collected and written-off halves summing to the balance at open.

How to use it

  1. 1

    Open in River, or download it

    Open the pack in River and let the agent build the register from your own estimates and claims, or download the blank Word and CSV files instantly.

  2. 2

    Pair the estimates with the bills

    Send whatever written estimates went out in the last few months and the claims that followed them. That pairing is the only input the variance register needs.

  3. 3

    Sort by headroom, then group the causes

    The eligible episodes come first, then the ones nearest the line. Any cause appearing twice becomes a line in the foreseeable-additions table rather than two more phone calls.

  4. 4

    Re-age the balance and set the scale

    The self-pay balance gets split on whether an estimate exists, and the hardship tiers get keyed to the published guideline so a decision can be re-derived instead of recalled.

Frequently asked questions

Is this template free?

Yes. The whole pack downloads as Word documents and CSV sheets with no signup and no card. "Edit with AI" is a separate, optional path for practices that want the register built from their own estimates and claims. Other packs are in the template library.

What format are the downloaded files?

Word documents (.docx) for the policy, the estimate format, the statement sequence, the hardship procedure and the method note, plus CSV (.csv) for the three sheets, zipped into one file. They open in Word, Pages, Google Docs, Excel, Numbers and Sheets with nothing to convert.

Does the $400 threshold apply to insured patients?

No. The good faith estimate obligation and the dispute process both run to patients who are uninsured, or who have coverage and are not using it for that item or service. An insured patient's balance after adjudication is a different category in the aging sheet, and it does not carry the tolerance.

When does the estimate actually have to go out?

It depends on how far out the service is. Three deadlines apply: one business day after scheduling when the service is at least three business days away, three business days after scheduling when it is at least ten days away, and three business days after a request.

Should we pad estimates so the bill never lands higher?

No, and the pack argues against it in the prompts. A padded estimate moves the practice's problem onto a patient deciding whether to have the procedure, and it makes every later variance uninterpretable. The honest fix is the foreseeable-additions table, where the expansion is priced in advance instead of absorbed.

Does this handle insurance denials and underpayments?

No, deliberately. This space owns what the practice tells a patient about money. A denied claim is a different job, handled by the denial appeal pack, and a whole remittance gets ranked by remittance and denial triage first. Open insurance money runs on its own clock in the AR pack.

What does 'Edit with AI' actually do?

It creates a free River account, installs this exact pack as a private workspace, and opens it ready to read your current policy, your self-pay fee schedule and a balance aging export. Nothing is written until you send something.

Find out how far your bills landed from your estimates

Send the estimates that went out and the claims that followed them. The first thing back is the queue sorted by headroom, and the cause that appears more than once.

Edit with AI